{"version": "1.0.0", "terms": [{"slug": "permissive-occupancy", "term": "Permissive occupancy", "definition": "Living on or using land with the owner’s permission, for example under a licence or tenancy. Permission stops the clock for adverse possession.", "anchor": "/glossary/#permissive-occupancy", "learn_more": [{"label": "The permissive-occupancy question", "url": "/research/claim-repeated-attempts-to-make-mary-williams-occupancy-of-parcel-a-appear-permissive/"}]}, {"slug": "adverse-possession", "term": "Adverse possession", "definition": "Gaining title to land by occupying it openly, without the owner’s permission, for a period set by law: 12 years for unregistered land in England and Wales (Limitation Act 1980).", "anchor": "/glossary/#adverse-possession", "learn_more": [{"label": "Adverse possession and licence cases, 1950–2000", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0500-legal-regulators-historic-adverse-possession-licence-interruption-cases-19502000/"}]}, {"slug": "licence", "term": "Licence (to occupy)", "definition": "Written or spoken permission to occupy land. A licence is not ownership, and in law it stops time running for adverse possession.", "anchor": "/glossary/#licence", "learn_more": [{"label": "Adverse possession and licence cases, 1950–2000", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0500-legal-regulators-historic-adverse-possession-licence-interruption-cases-19502000/"}]}, {"slug": "registered-proprietor", "term": "Registered proprietor", "definition": "The person or company named on HM Land Registry’s title register as the owner of a piece of land.", "anchor": "/glossary/#registered-proprietor", "learn_more": [{"label": "Land Registry titles", "url": "/wiki/land-registry-titles/"}]}, {"slug": "title-register", "term": "Title register", "definition": "HM Land Registry’s official record of a piece of registered land: who owns it, its title plan, and any charges or rights over it.", "anchor": "/glossary/#title-register", "learn_more": [{"label": "Title register WA231076, Sept 2026", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0170-wa231076-title-register-september-2026/"}, {"label": "Land Registry titles", "url": "/wiki/land-registry-titles/"}]}, {"slug": "first-registration", "term": "First registration", "definition": "Registering a piece of land with HM Land Registry for the first time, usually after a sale or transfer. The deeds before it are not copied onto the register.", "anchor": "/glossary/#first-registration", "learn_more": [{"label": "Land Registry titles", "url": "/wiki/land-registry-titles/"}]}, {"slug": "title-number", "term": "Title number", "definition": "The reference HM Land Registry gives each registered title, such as WA231076.", "anchor": "/glossary/#title-number", "learn_more": [{"label": "Land Registry titles", "url": "/wiki/land-registry-titles/"}]}, {"slug": "freehold", "term": "Freehold", "definition": "Outright ownership of land, held for ever, as opposed to a lease for a fixed term.", "anchor": "/glossary/#freehold", "learn_more": []}, {"slug": "leasehold", "term": "Leasehold / lease", "definition": "Holding land for a fixed term from the freeholder, usually in return for rent. A ground rent is the rent paid on a long lease.", "anchor": "/glossary/#leasehold", "learn_more": []}, {"slug": "manorial-title", "term": "Manorial title / under a lord", "definition": "A manorial title is the lordship of a manor and the rights that go with it. Land held “under a lord” was held from the lord of the manor, by lease or custom, rather than owned outright.", "anchor": "/glossary/#manorial-title", "learn_more": [{"label": "Llandough manorial evidence", "url": "/research/anomalies-register/llandough-penarth-cydfin-ty-mawr-manorial-evidence/"}, {"label": "Bute manor disposals (DB/M/22)", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0027-bute-manor-disposals-db-m-22/"}]}, {"slug": "conveyance", "term": "Conveyance", "definition": "The deed that transfers ownership of land from one owner to another.", "anchor": "/glossary/#conveyance", "learn_more": []}, {"slug": "possession-action", "term": "Possession action", "definition": "A court case in which an owner asks the court to order someone off land.", "anchor": "/glossary/#possession-action", "learn_more": [{"label": "Court of Appeal judgment, 1987", "url": "/wiki/evidence/ev-0080-bp-properties-v-buckler-judgment/"}]}, {"slug": "bp-v-buckler", "term": "BP Properties Ltd v Buckler (1987)", "definition": "The 1987 Court of Appeal judgment ([1987] EWCA Civ 2) on possession of the farmhouse land at Llandough.", "anchor": "/glossary/#bp-v-buckler", "learn_more": [{"label": "Read the judgment record", "url": "/wiki/evidence/ev-0080-bp-properties-v-buckler-judgment/"}]}, {"slug": "court-of-appeal", "term": "Court of Appeal", "definition": "The second-highest court in England and Wales. It hears appeals from the High Court and county courts.", "anchor": "/glossary/#court-of-appeal", "learn_more": [{"label": "BP Properties Ltd v Buckler [1987]", "url": "/wiki/evidence/ev-0080-bp-properties-v-buckler-judgment/"}]}, {"slug": "foi", "term": "FOI (Freedom of Information)", "definition": "A request under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. Anyone can ask a public body for the information it holds; it must answer within 20 working days.", "anchor": "/glossary/#foi", "learn_more": [{"label": "FOI reply register", "url": "/docs/ghf_wiki/co_foireplyregister/"}]}, {"slug": "eir", "term": "EIR (Environmental Information Regulations)", "definition": "The Environmental Information Regulations 2004: the FOI route for information about land, the environment and planning.", "anchor": "/glossary/#eir", "learn_more": []}, {"slug": "sar", "term": "SAR (subject access request)", "definition": "A request under UK data protection law for a copy of the personal data an organisation holds about you. The answer is due within one calendar month.", "anchor": "/glossary/#sar", "learn_more": [{"label": "HM Land Registry subject access request", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0367-hm-land-registry-subject-access-request-wa231076-wa240304-great-house-farm-llandough-wi/"}]}, {"slug": "ico", "term": "ICO (Information Commissioner’s Office)", "definition": "The UK regulator for Freedom of Information and data protection. A complaint goes to the ICO after a body’s internal review.", "anchor": "/glossary/#ico", "learn_more": [{"label": "ICO correspondence", "url": "/research/evidence/ico-correspondence/"}]}, {"slug": "internal-review", "term": "Internal review", "definition": "A public body’s second look at its own FOI answer, asked for by the person who made the request. It is the step before a complaint to the ICO.", "anchor": "/glossary/#internal-review", "learn_more": [{"label": "Wales Office internal review acknowledgement", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0187-wales-office-internal-review-acknowledgement/"}]}, {"slug": "s13-clarification", "term": "s.1(3) clarification", "definition": "Under section 1(3) of the FOI Act a body may ask for more detail before answering. The 20-working-day clock starts again when the clarification arrives.", "anchor": "/glossary/#s13-clarification", "learn_more": [{"label": "HM Land Registry clarification request", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0355-hm-land-registry-request-for-clarification-of-correspondence-title-wa231076/"}]}, {"slug": "section-12", "term": "Section 12 (cost limit)", "definition": "Section 12 of the FOI Act lets a body refuse a request that would cost more than the set limit to answer.", "anchor": "/glossary/#section-12", "learn_more": [{"label": "Llandough Community Council internal review of a section 12 refusal", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0391-llandough-community-council-internal-review-of-section-12-refusal-and-sar/"}]}, {"slug": "not-held", "term": "“Not held”", "definition": "The answer a public body gives when it finds no recorded information matching a request.", "anchor": "/glossary/#not-held", "learn_more": []}, {"slug": "her", "term": "HER (Historic Environment Record)", "definition": "The local database of archaeological sites and historic buildings. Tŷ Mawr is HER GGAT02038s.", "anchor": "/glossary/#her", "learn_more": [{"label": "Heneb (formerly GGAT)", "url": "/nomenclature/c/heneb/"}]}, {"slug": "nprn", "term": "NPRN", "definition": "National Primary Record Number: the reference in the National Monuments Record of Wales (Coflein). Tŷ Mawr is NPRN 20182.", "anchor": "/glossary/#nprn", "learn_more": [{"label": "RCAHMW / Coflein names", "url": "/nomenclature/c/rcahmw/"}]}, {"slug": "village-green", "term": "Village green (VG41)", "definition": "Land registered as a town or village green. VG41 is the green at Church View Close, Llandough.", "anchor": "/glossary/#village-green", "learn_more": [{"label": "The green and Church View Close", "url": "/nomenclature/c/green/"}]}, {"slug": "evidence-id", "term": "Evidence ID (EV- / GHF-E)", "definition": "The catalogue number each record has on Cedwyn, such as EV-0080 or GHF-E090. Every fact on the site points to one.", "anchor": "/glossary/#evidence-id", "learn_more": [{"label": "The research catalogue", "url": "/research/"}]}, {"slug": "david-stewart-survey", "term": "David Stewart survey (1824)", "definition": "David Stewart’s 1824 survey of the Bute Glamorgan estates. Its plan 19 names “Cedfin or Ty Mawr Farm”, the first record mention of Tŷ Mawr.", "anchor": "/glossary/#david-stewart-survey", "learn_more": [{"label": "Plan 19, Cedfin or Ty Mawr, 1824", "url": "/wiki/evidence/ev-0211-db-e-1-plan-19-cedfin-ty-mawr-1824/"}]}, {"slug": "south-wales-police", "term": "South Wales Police", "definition": "The police force for South Wales, including the Vale of Glamorgan.", "anchor": "/glossary/#south-wales-police", "learn_more": [{"label": "South Wales Police subject access request", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0512-south-wales-police-subject-access-request/"}]}, {"slug": "vale-of-glamorgan-council", "term": "Vale of Glamorgan Council", "definition": "The local council for Llandough, Penarth and the Vale; the planning authority since 1996.", "anchor": "/glossary/#vale-of-glamorgan-council", "learn_more": [{"label": "Vale of Glamorgan Council records request", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0475-vale-of-glamorgan-council-formal-concern-preservation-and-subject-access-great-house-fa/"}]}, {"slug": "llandough-community-council", "term": "Llandough Community Council", "definition": "The community council for Llandough, the lowest tier of local government.", "anchor": "/glossary/#llandough-community-council", "learn_more": [{"label": "Internal review of a section 12 refusal", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0391-llandough-community-council-internal-review-of-section-12-refusal-and-sar/"}]}, {"slug": "npcc", "term": "NPCC", "definition": "National Police Chiefs’ Council: coordinates police forces in the UK and answers FOI requests about national policing.", "anchor": "/glossary/#npcc", "learn_more": [{"label": "NPCC internal reviews 3157 and 3176", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0183-npcc-internal-reviews-3157-3176/"}]}, {"slug": "moj", "term": "Ministry of Justice", "definition": "The government department for the courts (through HMCTS), prisons and the justice system.", "anchor": "/glossary/#moj", "learn_more": [{"label": "Ministry of Justice subject access request", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0414-ministry-of-justice-hmcts-subject-access-request-for-personal-data/"}]}, {"slug": "mod", "term": "Ministry of Defence", "definition": "The government department for the armed forces.", "anchor": "/glossary/#mod", "learn_more": [{"label": "MOD FOI internal review 09190", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0192-mod-foi-internal-review-09190/"}]}, {"slug": "dcms", "term": "DCMS", "definition": "Department for Culture, Media and Sport: the UK department for heritage and listed buildings policy in England.", "anchor": "/glossary/#dcms", "learn_more": [{"label": "DCMS internal review response", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0164-dcms-internal-review-response-ir2026-06711/"}]}, {"slug": "glamorgan-archives", "term": "Glamorgan Archives", "definition": "The county record office for Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, in Cardiff.", "anchor": "/glossary/#glamorgan-archives", "learn_more": [{"label": "Glamorgan Archives D/D XJF 64", "url": "/wiki/evidence/ev-0155-glamorgan-archives-email-june-2026/"}]}, {"slug": "nlw", "term": "National Library of Wales", "definition": "The national library in Aberystwyth. It holds the Bute estate records catalogue.", "anchor": "/glossary/#nlw", "learn_more": []}, {"slug": "bute-estate", "term": "Bute estate", "definition": "The Glamorgan landholdings of the Marquesses of Bute, sold off in the 1930s–1940s.", "anchor": "/glossary/#bute-estate", "learn_more": [{"label": "Bute manor disposals (DB/M/22)", "url": "/research/evidence/ev-0027-bute-manor-disposals-db-m-22/"}]}]}