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[…]
AND SOLD BY HENRY SOTHERAN & Co., 140, STRAND, W.C,
AND 37, PICCADILLY, W., LONDON. 1900.
K-^IOSO^
WESTERN MAIL, LIMITED, ST. MARY STREET, CARDIFF.
CONTENTS.
\
Editorial Preface.
Notes on the Manors of the Cardiff District
Disserlation i
..'
. . . . . . . . . .
Kibbor .. .. .. .. 8
Kibbor and Cardiff .. .. .. .. lo
Roath Dogfield . . . . . . . . 1
'Roath Tewkesbury .. .. .. .. 14
Cardiff\Friars . . . . . . . . 15
Roath Keynsham . . . . . . 16
Llystalybont . . . . . . 18
Llandaif . . . . . . . 22
Treasurer's Manor of Llandaff . . , 25
Splott . . . . . . . . ..27
Spittal . 27
Griffithsmoor 29
Canton . 30
Plasturton 30
Whitchurch 31
Penarth 32
Cogan 33
Cosmeston 34
Llandough 34
Leckwith 3S
Caerau 36
Beganston . . • • 37
Begansley " . . 37
Radyr . . . . . . . • • 37
Pentyrch . . . . . . 39
Wentloog . . . . •39
Rompney . . . . 40
Mannocks Hold . . . . . . 41
Wentloog aiias Keynsham 41
II. The Lords of Cardiff . , . . . . ,,42
CONTENTS.
III. Manorial Records
Disserlation . . • • • S°
Minister's Account of Leckwith (1456). . .. •• 6°
Presentment of Cardiff (1666) .. .. •• 68
Schedule of the Lands of the Spittal . . .
.
. 84
Rentroll of Miskin (1666) .. .. •• 9°
Rentroll of Pentirch and Clunne (c. 1670) . • 94
Survey of Roath Keynsham {1702) .. • 97
IV. Town Ci.erk Wood's Memoranda
Dissertation . . . . . . • ..112
The Constable of Cardiff Castle .. .. .. 116,125
Minutes of Council (i 688-1 707) re Election of Burgesses . . 121
[…]
Roath Dogfield, is
Commote of Kibbor, though it comprises certain lands (Taff Mead,
Merches, &c.) west of the Taff, which were not within that Commote
according to Leland's description. It seems to have been always in
the hands of the Lord of Cardiff Castle. Its principal house was
anciently fortified and moated, and was no doubt on the site occupied
by the present Roath Court, the seat of C. H. Williams, Esq. Rice
Merrick says: — "Within it stood an old Pyle, compassed with a
12 CARDIFF RECORDS.
"Mote, which is called The Court; but now in ruyne." This manor
comprises lands in the parishes of Roath, Llanishen, Lisvane, Saint
John Baptist and Saint Mary.
Merrick says that in this manor is a place called Bedd-y-ci-du
(" the grave of the black dog "), and this place is also mentioned
in Ministers' Accounts and a Survey temp. Hen. VIII. and
Elizabeth. The same curious name is still borne by a field
situate a little to the north of Llanishen church. After referring
to this place, Merrick adds: — "Whereof it is supposed the lord-
ship was named Dogfield."
This, however, is a very doubtful point. The name in the early
documents is always "Roath," without addition. "Dogfield" first
appears as part of the name of the manor in the time of Henry VIII.
It has been thought that it may be connected with the name
Docgeuel or Doggevel [see below) a mediaeval form of the ancient
Welsh Docmail and Dogvael.
In the Inquisition of Isabel, Countess of Warwick, i8 Henry
VI., mention made of a place called "Dogowyldescroft."
is
In this manor is Ty Mawr (otherwise Llys Du), which in 1748
was in the occupation of Sir George Howells. It stands close to
Roath church.
Among the early inhabitants of this manor was, it appears, a
family named Roth, no doubt deriving their name from it. Alice,
daughter and heir to David
was married to Jenkyn ap
Roth,
Adam ap Cynaelthwy ap Herbert, who was great-grandfather to
Sir William ap Thomas, and so ancestor of the great Herbert
family. This appears from an Elizabethan pedigree of Roberts
of Cardiff, preserved at the Free Library.
1
155 (c). Richard Bulchart granted to Margam Abbey 5I acres
of meadow lying between the meadow of William Docgevel and the
meadow of the men of Rad (Roath). {Cartae III., pp. 89—90.)
1 185. The Glamorgan Pipe Roll {Compotus de firmis maneriorum
de Glamorgan) charges for the repair of the bridges
of Rat and Reigni
(Roath and Rumney), of Lequid mill, and Cardiff
Castle and town
gates, and accounts for 24/. "of the farm
of Caerdif." {Cartae I,
p. 27.)
1 186 (c.) William Doggeuel notified to the Bishop
of Llandaff
his grant to the monks of Margam of his field under Rahat (Roath),
NOTES ON THE MANORS OF CARDIFF. 13
[…]
Pennardismor and La Niwere. {Cartae III., p. 541.)
1307- John de Cogan held here one messuage and two plough-
lands, by military service, rendering yearly at the feast of Saint
Andrew 135. 4^. "to the ward of the Castle of Kairdif." (I. P.M.
of Joan de Clare).
34
CARDIFF RECORDS.
1 3 14. A John de Cogan appears in the Inquisition on the death
of Gilbert de Clare.
1544. On 19th April King Henry VIII. granted the manor
which had by that time come into the hands of the Chief Lord of
Cogan to Sir George Herbert.
1586. The manor of Cogan belonged to Sir William Herbert,
who had it from his grandfather, Sir George Herbert.
1596. Cogan had freehold, demesne and copyhold tenants.
For several generations after this time the manor of Cogan, with
the mansion of Cogan Pill, was in the possession of the Herberts.
1767. The manors of Dinaspowis, Landough East and Cogan
(with other manors), were in the hands of William Hurst of Gabalva
and Calvert Richard Jones of Swansea. They had married two ladies
who had become entitled to the estates of this branch of the Herbert
family.
1793. Cogan was purchased by the Earl of Bute. The
Marquess of Bute is now the lord.
MANOR OF COSMESTON.
This lordship, anciently called Costinston, comprises all Laver-
nock and a small part of Penarth parishes. It was one of the
manors granted by King Edward VI. to Sir William Herbert.
Lord Bute is the present lord.
MANOR OF LLANDOUGH.
Llandough parish is situate on the eastern slope of the Leckwith
range, and is bounded on the south by the parish of Cogan.
It is supposed to have been the seat of an Abbey in very early
times. The Abbot " Sancti Docunni " is frequently referred to in
the Liber Landavensis.
1 "The little vill which is called Landochan" was confirmed
106.
to Tewkesbury Abbey by King Henry I. [Cartae III., p. 39.) There
can be little doubt that the original grant was by Fitz-Hamon.
1275. (c.) Walter Thorgot granted to William de Regni a
messuage in Landoch, lying on the south side of the church of Saint
Doguin, near the cemetery, to hold of the Abbot of Tewkesbury.
NOTES ON THE MANORS OF CARDIFF. 35
{Curiae I., p. 182.) The de Reigny family purchased a large
number of small holdings in Llandough and adjoining parishes
about this time. Nearly 60 conveyances to them exist.
1290. (c.) Maurice de Landoch made a grant of Cogan Moor to
Margam Abbey. {See manor of Cogan.)
1535. The Valor Ecclesiaticus shews that the manor of Llan-
dough Est belonged to the Abbot of Tewkesbury, who there had free
and villein tenants paying rents of assize.
1543. King Henry VIII. granted Llandough manor to Lord
Clynton and Say and Robert Turwitt. By the year 1545 it had
been acquired by Sir George Herbert, as appears by a rent-roll
of that date.
Sir George Herbert appears to have conveyed the manor to Sir
William Herbert, his grandson.
1596. The manor of Landoche-juxta-Cardif had free tenants,
demesnes and copyholds. (Abbreviate.)
The subsequent history of Llandough is the same as that of
Cogan. It was purchased in 1793 by the Earl of Bute, and the
Marquess of Bute is the present lord.
MANOR OF LECKWITH.
Leckwith (y Llechwedd) is a parish on the Leckwith hills,
bounded by Llandough on the south.
Circa 1179. Griffin, son of Ifor (bach), granted to Margam 100
acres of land in Lecwithe and certain fisheries "de Helei " (Ely),
The deed expresses doubt as to his being able to warrant the title,
and if he cannot the monks are to have lands in " Seinhenit
(Senghenydd). {Cartae III. p. 112.)
1 1 53 — 83. Charter of Bishop Nicholas confirmed to Tewkes-
bury the Chapel of Leotwtha (Leckwith). {Cartae I., p. 20).
1207. Walter de Sully, who had farmed the mill of Leckwith,
paid 20 marks to King John in respect of its being out of repair.
{Cartae I., p. 52.)
1242 —
Richard de Clare granted his manor of Leckwith
62.
to Nicholas de Sanford at the service of one fourth of a knight's
fee. {Cartae I., 109.) Nicholas de Sanford afterwards granted
p.
it to his brother Lawrence {Cartae I., p. 117), and Lawrence
36 CARDIFF RECORDS.
granted it to Philip Basset. [Cartae p. ii8.)
I., However, at the
time of the Extent of circa 1262 it was held by Fulk de Sanford.
[Cartae I., p. 108.)
1295. Leckwith had come back to the Chief Lord, as shown
by the Inquisition of that date, and it has so remained ever since.
1305. Roath and Leckwith were called members of the Town
and Castle of Cardiff.
1492. In this manor, between the grange and the Bishop's
land, was Rusham Mead, a ditch dividing it from the grange.
1550. Rusham Mead was in the occupation of Sir William
Herbert as Constable and Chamberlain of Cardiff Castle, it being
"parcel of the commoditie of his ofifice, as sufficiently appears."
[…]
^ burg, now in the ten. of Mrs. Elliner Lewis, widow, 6d.
Walter Strickland,
I burg, now in the ten. of Mary Williams,
Esq^, landlord, gd.
I burg, now in the ten. of David Morgan, weaver, 6d.
1 burg, decayed, now in the ten. of Marg*. Price, wid., 6d.
^ burg, now in the ten. of Dorothy Archer, widow, 6d.
2 parts of a burgage, now in the tenure of Wm. Archer, Sd.
\ burg, late in the tenure of Richard Walters 6d.
East Ward in Crockerton.
^ burgage late in the ten. of William Toby
6d.
1 burg, now in the ten. of John Morgan or his undertenant 6d.
I cott. now in the ten. of
Daniel Hickman 3a?.
of Rice Davies or his tenant
3 half burg, late in the tenure
Wells, Aid", or
Rowland Thomas now in the tenure of Cradock
;
his ten' the aforesaid R. Thomas.
1 burg, late in the ten. of the said Rice
David or his tenant
74 CARDIFF RECORDS. [1666
Mary Morgan, widow; now in the tenure of John Mayo or his
tenant the aforesaid Mary Morgan, 6d.
A bur. in the ten. of James Herbert, Esq^ now or late in the
tenure of Anthony Durniford, 6d.
^ burg, now in the tenure of Alice Gaskin or her under-
tenant 6d.
i burg, now in the tenure of Rowland Thomas aforesaid, late
in the house of the said Rice David, where the Great House stood,
6d.
^ burg, late Henry Lewis or tenant 6d.
3 half burgages now in ten. of Ja^ Herbert, Esq% or his u.t.
IS. 6d.
^ burg, and one cottage, now in the ten. of Dorothy Lloyd,
widow, gd.
3 cottages now in the ten. of Samuel Sicklemore or his under-
tenants <)d.
I burgage in the ten. of Jane Roberts \2d.
I cott. and garden late in the ten. of David Clyn, since in ten.
of Rice David, ut diciiur, and now in the ten. of Thomas Mayo or
his under tenant Thomas Yeoman, 3*/.
I messuage heretofore in the tenure of John Howel, ut diciiur,
and since in the ten. of Rice Davies, and now in the ten. of Thomas
Mayo or his under tenant Thomas Yeoman, but at what Burgage rent
we have no evidence at all.
J a burg, now in the tenure of Thomas George 6d.
I tenement now in the tenure of Thomas Pastrick, but at what
Burg, rent we have no evidence at all.
I a burg, late in the tenure of Henry Lewis or his tenant
Anthony Durniford 6d.
I burg, late in the ten. of Henry Lewis and now in the tenure
of John Moore, his tenant, i2d.
I Burg, now in the ten. of Arthur Roberts or his tenant William
[…]
the abovementioned documents are written in Latin on parchment
except the bills of expenses, which are of course always, and the
Justices Examinations and Recognizances, which are sometimes, in
English on paper. In very many cases the papers are wholly or
partly torn away, and the parchments are often decayed through
damp or eaten by rats.
Under date 1555 will be found a Coroner's Inquest on the body
of Thomas Avan, gentleman, whom the Jury found to have been
feloniously stabbed and murdered by two men in a brawl in
" Weaststrete," Cardiff. Such sanguinary affrays were common at
this period; other instances occur later in these records. At the
144 CARDIFF RECORDS.
head of this document we have set out the full style and title of
the King and Queen, Philip and Mary, it being by far the most
imposing and picturesque ever borne by a sovereign of England.
The " Weaststrete " above named was Waste Lane, now the northern
half of Working Street. In cases of this kind, the record always
states the money value of the instrument which was the immediate
cause of the victim's death (whether by wilful homicide or mis-
adventure) ; because under the Common Law such instrument, or
its value, was forfeited to the Crown, under the name of a
"deodand." The history and significance of this ancient legal
provision would furnish material for an interesting volume of
antiquarian lore. Nothing can be more tantalising to the reader
than the absence from the dry technicalities of these criminal
proceedings, of any particulars explaining the motives and origin
of such crimes as the one above referred to. It would be interesting
to know how Mr. Avan had drawn upon himself the deadly enmity
of the men who assassinated him in the streets of Cardiff in broad
daylight.
In 1563 the Coroner's Inquest returns a verdict of wilful
murder against Edward Vaughan of Llandough-by-Penarth, gentle-
man, William Vaughan of Roath, gentleman (accessory), and others,
for the death of Philip Robin of Lavernock, yeoman. From our
transcript of one of the Exchequer Commissions, in Vol. I., p. 396,
it will be seen what was the landed property of Edward Vaughan,
which was forfeited for his felony after he had escaped from the
district.
In 1564 we have the record of the burning of two women for
murder and treason.
In the same year Rice Jones of Cardiff, gentleman, was indicted
for trespass and affray. In 1576 we find that he was killed by
Rice Herbert of St. Andrew's, gentleman, who received a general
pardon.
Under date 1576 is the first example of the long persecution of
Catholics, which continued with great severity until Elizabeth's death,
and lasted, with but few intervals, down to the early part of the i8th
century. In the same year we have the earliest instance of that cruel
treatment of the very poor, which is such a blot upon the pages of
history following upon the Reformation. Jane Powell, of Cardiff, and
CALENDAR ROLLS AND GAOL FILES. 145
several other paupers, were sentenced to be flogged and branded for
no other reason than that they appeared to have no means of earning
a living —such a condition being "against the form of the Statute in
The Criminal Law of England, as revised by
the like case published."
[…]
The want of a bridge near Tivertons place nere Cardyff w'ch
y^ country hath p'd for it.
The high waye betwene Cardyff & llandaff insufficient."
lb. Part 2.
The bridge of llandaff insufficient.
Deficiency of the bridge at Placeterton near Cardyff.
"The waye from Placeterton to Elye bridge in y^ p'ishe of
landaff insufficient.
"All the bailiffs of the Hundred this year, for Commortha
against the Statute &c. (And because the presentment thereof is
insufficient : No judgment thereon by the Court.)"
i64 CARDIFF RECORDS. [i 592-1 594
34 Eliz. 1592. Part i.
John Mathew Miles of Cardyff, gentleman, keeper of the gaol,
was indicted for felony in voluntarily permitting the escape of a
prisoner. He was committed to prison.
lb. Part 2.
Jury present "The Portwaye from Eley bridge to Sterton
bridge insufficient.
John Andrew, gentleman, and John Tanner, Bailiffs of Cardiff,
were indicted and prosecuted "for sufferyng litle mesures in y^ towne
& also for sufferynge vnholsom fleshe & vyctualls to be sold," &c.
James Bowthe, otherwise "fydeler," of Cardiff, was prosecuted
for selling drink against the Statute.
"Cardyff. The highe Waye betwene the highe crosse & y=
myddell Pynnyon in Cardyff to be insufficient."
35 Eliz. 1593. Part i.
"The bridge of llandaff in great decaye in defalt of Whitchurch
& llandaff."
" No order for the carrying of arms and bucklers to the fairs,
markets &c., but commonly used in the whole county.
"Thomas Taylor of Cardyff for vsynge y"^ lib'tyes of Cardiff
beyinge forryn and not free.
" A P'sentm't for sufferyng certayn donghills to lye in Cardff
"John Gybon de Cardyff for not provydynge butts in Cardyff
for Shootynge iuxta officium suum."
36 Eliz. 1594. Part i.
William Lewis, of Llandaff, yeoman, was with others charged
with murder. He pleaded guilty of manslaughter, claimed benefit of
clergy, and appears to have been discharged. The others were
punished.
Bailiffs of Cardiff presented "for maintaining of misdemeanours."
Richard William, otherwise Bushe, of Cardyff, "pro Eves-
dropper."
1 594] CALENDAR ROLLS AND GAOL FILES. 165
The two Bailiffs of Cardiff, "for suffrynge dyu's abuses in
Cardyff as donghills & nott cawsynge y^ highe wayes in Cardyff.
" It'm bothe y^ Seriants of y* towne of Cardyff," for the sale of
drink, and for not using lawful measures."
The bridge of Cardyff insufficient.
Rosser James, of Cardyff, for the sale of bad beer.
"Antonius Coxe de Cardyff for kyllynge of fleshe in y Shambles
to y^ infecc'on of the towne of Cardyff."
Gaol File.
No. 10. 36 Eliz. 1594.
Jevan Richard and Morgan John, formerly of Whitchurch,
[…]
p"!
Wheat 2s. \d.
21 June. p<^ Henry Richard for Arle Fowls 4s.
26* then had three Dozen and one Load on which I am to Leave
that coal pitt 2\d. p' Load.
20th pd Tho= Edmond Lanederne for leaping 2 mares 5s.
I
St
July pd Kenton in p' of Warr' p' malt is.
^br 20'^ p"^ Evan Waters widdow for her son 2 full dales her
daughter 8 dales viz' Six dales raiseing Corne and two dales
binding p^ in all to her 9s.
ii'*i oct. then p^ W™ Robert p' old Nan to pay for a plow 6s
p' 7 dales to W™ Roberts Brother in Law 2s. dd.
3^^ Novemb"" then p^ John Evan for a days work in Sowing 31/.
then pd John Evans wife for Scolps 2S. td.
pd Edward Hardys son p' 5 dales on my meat lod.
1 The fair held at Llandaff on Saint Teilo's day.
MR. THOMAS MORGAN'S COMMONPLACE BOOK. 507
1 3* P*^ John Evan in full 1 200 of Scolps 2s. 6d.
28''' ffeb'T' 1735- then p^ W™ Thomas Gwr Rossa in part
towards his being a Sheppard to sheep on Warth' is.
p^ Money on County Co'"t Book lis. 6d.
26th Apr.
1736. pd W"
Thomas W™ Water of Lisvane on
Account of the Gates he is to sell me 2s. 6d.
[1716.]
Agreed & concluded upon by & Between Margery Williams of
the p'ish of Penarth in the County of Glamorgan widd' of the first
part William WiUiams Clerk Rector of Leckwith Llandough iuxta
Penarth & Cogan in y^ s<* County of y^ second parte And Edward
Williams of Penarth afores<i in y^ s^ County of y^ third part^ as
followeth viz'
Whereas att the Court Baron late of Richard Lewis Esq"" since
dece'd farmer of the manor of Penarth & Barton in the s"^ County held
there the Eighth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand
seven hundred and two before William Horten gent. Steward of the
s"^ manor she Margery Williams took of y^ 5"^ Lord by the
the s<*
Delivery of his s*^ Steward one messuage & twenty and four acres of
Lands arable meadow & pasture w'*» y^ appurten'ces being a parcell of
y^ s<J manor To have and to hold to y^ s<* Margery Williams, William
Williams & Edward Williams for the terme of their Lives & the life
of the Longer liver of them successively att the pleasure of the s^
Lord according to y'= Custom of the s'^ Manor vnder the rents herriotts
suites & services menc'oned in the Rolls and Records of y^ s<i Manor
as by the said Rolls or records relation being thereto had more fully
appeares And Whereas the partys above named respectively have
unanimously agreed to preserve & Continue their and each of their
enjoym'* of the pi'misses for their lives in the order and Succession
above menc'oned & to Restrain & prevent any Change or alteration
whatsoever that shall or may be made or attempted therein either by
ye s<J Margery Williams or WiUiam Williams during their or either of
their enjoym'^ to the losse disappointm' or prejudice of y^ s'^ Edward
Williams It is therefore hereby agreed & concluded upon and the s^
[…]
astonished to find themselves thus identified with the district.
Page 41, line 17. Dele Monmouthshire.
Page 42. Robert Fitz Hamon died from a wound received at the battle of
Falaise, 1106.
Page 63, heading. Vice Monorial lege Manorial.
Page 68. The Latin description of the Borough boundaries is from the Charter
Their being cited in the original Latin is in keeping with
of 1340 (Vol. I., p. 21).
ii. ERRATA AND ADDENDA.
ancieut usage, and was meant to ensure accuracy. In the same way the bounds of
the possessions of Llandaff Diocese, in the Latin Charters, were set forth in archaic
Welsh. (Liber Landavensis).
Page 79, footnote. Waher Strickland also held lands in Monmouthshire, as I
find by the Subsidy Rolls for that county.
Pages 128-9. The extracts of 1708 and 1762 from the Minutes of Council are
here printed in small type because they will appear in their proper places in a later
volume.
Page 134. The idea attributed by the Town Clerk to the Bailiffs, of repudiating
the Charter of King James II. on the ground that it " was granted just before the
rebellion," is extremely curious.
Page 139. The Opinion on Case V. does not seem to go very directly to the
point. Royal Charters granted to the Lords, and Seignioral Charters granted to the
Burgesses, cannot affect the question of the Corporation's power to take toll of
resiauts in the Borough. There can, however, be little doubt that the demand
made upon Stanley and his fellow tradesmen was wrongful.
Page 151. The dissertation on the Gaol Files stops short at 1745, instead of
being continued to 1830, because it was necessary to print it long before the remainder
of the documents had been copied. Footnotes to the text supply the deficiency as
regards the later Files.
Page 158, line 25. Vice Whitchutch lege Whitchurch.
Page 164, line 18. Vice bucklers lege staves.
Page 174, line 17. Aaron Price. This is a very early instance of a Welshman
with a Hebrew baptismal name. The gradual introduction of such names proceeded
hand in hand with the growth of Protestantism, and was immensely forwarded by tTie
rise of Puritanism in a later generation.
Page 221, line 17. Vice that the stole lege that she stole.
Page 231. Inquest on Charles Stibbs, who was drowned in the Taff. It is rather
curious that Charles Stibbs served on the Coroner's Jury which, in 1764, made inquest
on the body of a man drowned in the same river and parish. (See page 217).
Page 294, bottom line. Dele matrix of the.
Page 306, line 22. Vice acr' lege acr'.
Illustration facing page 310. The letter of Sir Walter Raleigh runs as follows :
" Sr William St. Johns, besyds the monie dew to Tite the anker Smith,
ther is fifty pound that this bearer Willm : ston hath given bond for to a
linnen Draper for shirtts for the companie, I pray yow to speake with Mr
ERRATA AND ADDENDA. iii.
Herbert the Penciouer that he will satisfy yt fifty pound out of my Cussen
Herberts monie, & in the meane while free this poore man who hath blue
arrested for it.
Your loving frinde.
W. Ralegh,
from Lee reddy
to sett sayle this
29th of March."
Page 457. The date at the top should read [1725]. Abraham Barbour was
Sheriff in that year. His Undersheriff was Edward Herbert of Cardiff but in the ;